Due to the resultant consequences of all wars and particularly the first and the second war that caused destruction, ruins, blood shedding and killing of innocent people, and because of the suffering and pain sustained by the human being as a result of vagrancy, dispersion, and orphan hood; including assaulting pillage of freedoms, and violation of rights and dignity, the participating countries in founding the united Nations in 2945 decided to create an ideal world that respects human rights and basic freedoms of all people without discrimination because of sex, race, religion or language. The outcome of the countries’ determination is reflected in the “International Announcement of the Human Rights” which was sanctioned in 1948; and with its sanctioning, the history witnessed and for the first time the agreement of a group of freedoms and basic rights on the international level. The provisions of the announcement were also acknowledged as a general measure of the achievements of all people and nations in the field of maintaining human rights.

The International Announcement of the Human Rights has become a source of inspiration  for many countries when establishing its laws and constitutions. As for the Arab countries that were the first supporters and the first who acknowledged the provisions of this announcement, the issue is not something new for them because the human dignity and his right of a munificent life that is based on the foundations of justice , equity, freedom, and peace ; these represent the immortal principles of the Islamic religion that admonish Muslims to adopt and apply them in their lives. Accordingly, the Arab Announcement of Human Rights was made with the agreement of the Governments of all Arab countries and members of Arab countries League; in achievement and sanctioning of these principles, and ascertaining the contents of the Arab announcement of Human Rights.

In spite of the numerous forms and aspects of racial discriminations, however , its destructive results are the same . The strong authority of the stronger party in the society must be collapsed one day in front of ungovernable anger and mutiny that arise from grudge and hatred which were instilled by those tyrants in the souls of weak people because of ill – treatment, injustice, and oppression. Due to restraining the suffering and pain during all those years, and the accumulation of hatred and grudge feelings in the souls of weak people, and those deprived from freedom and human rights; the mass of such feelings were transformed into a storm of anger to fight for the rights of its people which lead to a struggle between the great power, and the weak power that result in extensive losses in lives,  money and values.

In view of the collective belief of the world countries of the necessity to eliminate the barriers of racial discrimination in all types and aspects, and in all countries world worldwide; and the need to ensure the understanding of the meaning of human dignity and its respect to provide security, peace and the affection ties between the individuals of one nation, and other nations; the General assembly of the United Nations has approved the International Agreement for Eliminating all Types of racial Discrimination on 21^st December 1965. Hence, the Kingdom of Bahrain has joined this agreement on 27^th March 1990 in accordance to Decree No. (8) for 1990.

In comprehending the importance of the rise of child affairs, having concern about his issues, protecting his rights, working on the provision of essential care for him; providing all juridical, security, cultural, medical and educational services to ensure his proper upbringing; and in order to ensure building his future in sound way, and because of the conviction that the establishment of a better future for humanity begins from this conception; the General Assembly of the United Nations has collectively sanctioned the Child Rights Agreement on 20^th November,1989. Initially (20) countries have sanctioned the agreement, but the number of countries that joined this agreement have increased to (191) countries that represent the members in the United Nations . Hence, this agreement received an international characteristic which the world pursue, same as all other United Nations Agreements that are concerned about human rights.

Due to its belief of the importance of this social category which is considered the raw material of the future hands, the Kingdom of Bahrain has joined the Child Rights Agreement for 1989 according to Decree – Law No. (16) for 1991and that was on 13^th November 1992.

The equality is considered the cornerstone of every democratic society that aspires social justice and human rights. In all societies, and approximately in all aspects of activity, the women confront inequality and many types of oppression, physical and psychological torture, and social coercion. Additionally, if you follow the historical cause of human society civilization, you must realize the difficult reality which the woman lived where she was deprived from numerous rights like education, independent social and economical status; even the right to live in certain Asian countries where the woman life is connected to the life of her husband and that her life must be ended with his death. Through out the ages the woman remained tied up with customs and traditions that minimized her role in the society; disparaged her status and humanity, and degraded her standing. Furthermore she was even accused of weakness and retardation, and she was sentenced for a complete submission under the guardianship of the male authority as a protection for her and for others; and as if she is a weapon with dual edges that care should be taken when dealing with her.

For this purpose, the concerned committee for eliminating all types of discrimination against woman was formed to put an end for the series of sufferings that faced women through out the ages; to recover her dignity and her full human identity, and to free her from the slavery of discrimination. The General Assembly of the United Nations sanctioned the International Agreement for Eliminating All Types of Discrimination Against Woman on 18^th December 1979 and the Kingdom of Bahrain joined this agreement on 18^th June 2002 according to Law No. (5) for 2002.

Since the beginning of the industrial revolution till now, the industrial sector occupies forefront of economical countries sectors due to the high profitable return it achieves.

Because of the life suffering of the twentieth / twenty- first century’s human as a result of wars, struggles, and because the men and youth in the countries and nations were being occupied, and due to the increase in the volume of work as opposed to a decrease in the number of workers and staff, the governments of most countries were compelled to resort for women help as a temporary solution to fill the shortage in the number of workers. Female workers demonstrated  distinction, creativity and patience in addition to the strength in bearing the works assigned to them in different industrial establishments, despite their difficulty from one side; and the requirement of work fields for female workers to work till the evening on the other side. Such requirement might have caused female workers unnecessary family problems or could have confronted danger from people in the streets at night, in addition, they might have faced the perils of working in mines, quarries and in the establishments that operate in construction works, or generation of electricity and others. Therefore the International Labour Organization decided to sanction an agreement that ensure women safety and protect them from the preceding problems. Accordingly, it sanctioned the International Agreement No. (89) for 1948 concerning Women Work at Night. The Kingdom of Bahrain joined this agreement and a number of other agreements of the International Labour Organization in 1981, in accordance to Decree No. (5) for 1981pertaining to the ratification of the International Labour Organization agreement. 

The handicapped are often deprived from the opportunity to enjoy full economical, social, and educational rights because of the justification of their different handicaps. This contradicts what demanded by and sanctioned in the International Announcement of Human Rights which acknowledges that all people are born free and they are equal in dignity and in rights. Due to the necessity of taking care of the handicapped as a human being who has rights and duties to perform, and considering him on of the society individuals, it has become essential to take the required and appropriate measures to enable him to try overcoming any negative factors that relate to his disability and hinder his enjoyment of all rights that are kept for him.

To ensure the acknowledgment of all countries of the rights of handicapped individual, and the availability of welfare and rehabilitation services to enable him to integrate in the society; and to enjoy his economical, social, educational, and other rights; and in order to protect the handicapped from ill – treatment, negligence, and the harms that might result from the feeling of inferiority or difference, the International Labour Organization has issued the International Agreement No. 159 for 1983 Pertaining to Vocational Rehabilitaion and Labour for Handicapped.

The Kingdom of Bahrain joined this agreement on 7^th April 1999 according to Decree – Law No. (17) for 1999 in support of the necessity to equalize the handicapped individual with the normal one, and to emphasis its role in  supporting this category to overcome its handicap, and encouraging him to participate in the society.

No society can progress and prosper unless equality prevails in it and every individual gets his political, social, religious, educational, economical, and vocational right without discrimination. Such rights may make the individual feels of his entity and status in the society, and maintains his dignity as a human being and one of the positive individuals of the society so that his sense of responsibility towards his country and society can be achieved, and he can become an active complementary member to other members who aim to develop and progress. Because of its belief of the importance of equality between all human beings irrespective of the difference of their races, sexes, or beliefs, the International Labour Organization issued the Agreement No. (111) for 1985 concerning Discrimination in Employment and Profession, to safe guard the right of every individual to work and progress in his work in order to achieve economical prosperity that suits his living circumstances, and provide him with financial and moral stability. In addition, to repeal what was prevailing of beliefs about poor people who were considered lowly creatures who are created to serve and provide munificent life for the owners of money and lands; or the prevailing beliefs about the superiority of males compared to females that minimize the role of woman, and molded her in a limited frame as a wife who serves her husband, or  a girl whose behaviors and life are controlled by the father authority and the influence of her brothers. As the agreement called for equality between both sexes in all aspects which conforms with the contents of the Islamic Shari’a, and because of the religion and humanitarian motive, the kingdom of Bahrain has joined this agreement on 19^th April, 2000 according to Decree No. (11) for 2000.

Due to the bad economical situations that we find in different countries worldwide, especially in poor developing countries where the human groups confront the most complicated problems that are not confined to economical situations only, but are extended to include social and humanitarian statuses; and where children of the ages of 5 to 14 years are compelled to work to provide nutriments for themselves and for their families.  Such work causes children to encounter grave dangers that threaten their mental and physical safety and that might lead to their death. The working child due to his young age and his inexperience in life, is considered the most person who is liable to the worst forms of abusive exploitation through compulsory work or sex traffic.  In an attempt to confront the worst forms of children work, the International Labour Organization sectioned the International Agreement No. (182) for 1999 Concerning Prohibition of the Worst Forms of Children Work, to protect those children who do not possess the means that ensure their protection form the perils of work and their exploitation by employers. Accordingly, to ensure that the children get their simplest rights and a life which is empty of grief and sadness that suits their joyful innocent nature, as the statistics revealed that the majority of working children cannot join the primary education stage. The Kingdom of Bahrain joined this agreement in accordance with Decree – Law No. (12) for 2001 on 21^st February, 2001 to emphasis its interest in this category of children, their safety and its keenness of the availability of the life that they deserve.

In beliefs of the values and principles that the Arab Nation people possess and that are derived form the heavenly instructions, and from the original Arab customs and traditions in social reciprocation field, the handicapped person had a status that is not less than the status of a suckling baby whom basic needs are satisfied including food, drink, clothes; and who is entirely dependent on his parents, or guardian, or brothers, or relatives. This has led to the occurrence of another problem which was not taken into account and that is the alienation of the handicapped role, and removing him from performing his role in the society. In view of the increasing number of handicapped in the Arab World, and in an attempt to contain the size of the problem resulting from dislodging the handicapped from integrating into the society; whether that is intentional because misunderstanding the meaning of a handicap, and considering it as a complete disability that hinders the handicapped person from integrating in the society like other normal people, or unintentional because of the fear of people view about the handicapped which might harm his feelings. The Arab Labour Organization sanctioned the Arab Agreement No. (17) for 1993 Pertaining to the Rehabilitation and Employment of Handicapped which indicated the necessity of equality between the handicapped person and the normal one in rights and duties; and emphasizing what the Islamic Shai’a calls for, and supporting what is indicated in the International Labour Organization’s agreement No. (159) for 1983 concerning vocational rehabilitation and labour for handicapped. This is done through the provision of welfare and rehabilitative services to enable this category of handicapped to use their potentials for their own and the public benefits, in addition to providing suitable training courses to enrich the handicapped with further skills that they might need in their practical and vocational life. Bahrain has joined this agreement on 7^th February, 1996, according to Decree – Law No. (3) for 1996.

Stemming form the noble humanitarian spirit, and conforming with what is pursued by the world countries to confront the poverty phenomenon, which resulted in another phenomena that is not of less danger, and that is the labour of minors; whereat the minor-whether males or female are forced in the labour market due to the living circumstances of their families which might cause them to confront harms that affect their physical; or mental, or psychological, or social or knowledge growth; and in belief of the need to provide the necessary care for minors, and in conformity with the Articles of the Child Rights Agreement, and with the International Agreement No. (182) for 1999 concerning Prohibition of Worst Forms of Children Work, the Arab Labour Organization sanctioned the Arab Agreement No. (18) for 1996 concerning the Work of Minors. The Agreement indicated important conditions that ensure the rights of the minor like the minor work should not contravene with compulsory education. It also clarified the environmental conditions for the work of minor to safeguard his physical, mental psychological, social, educational, and others safety. The Kingdom of Bahraini joined this agreement on 18^th April, 1998 according to Decree No. (6) for 1998 to ascertain the Kingdom’s concern about this category of minors and their safety; and to demonstrate its keenness about the availability of the life they deserve.   

In belief of the importance of cooperation and coordination between all Governmental, national, and private sectors; and the civil society establishments in one country to achieve comprehensive and integrated development, and to link it with the general economical and social frameworks, and with the social , political, economical, and cultural reality of the country to improve all conditions for the provision of a munificent life for all; and in order to obtain the utmost degrees of benefit for all individuals of the society, the Economical and Social Committee for Western Asia (ESCOWA) has issued a report under the title “Towards Comprehensive Social Policies in the Arab Countries: Framework and Compassion Analysis”.

Also, since the beginning 0f 2001, the Committee has adopted a programme that aims to assist the members countries in designing and implementing integrated social policies which had a positive impact in the region. The Kingdom of Bahrain has intimated its interest in the social policies project, and such interest resulted in signing  a Memorandum of Understanding between the Economical and Social Committee for Western Asia (ESCOWA), and the Ministry of Social Development in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The memorandum contained a group of steps pertaining to the support of integrated social policies in the Kingdom, and five main programmes for implementation within the next two years, effective from the date of signing the memorandum on 18^th December, 2005 in Cairo.

Stemming from the interest of the Kingdom of Bahrain about children and nascent  categories that represent the highest percentage of its population, and because the Ministry of Social Development, according to its new organizational structure, is the official body that is concerned with childhood affairs since the issuance of the Cabinet’s resolution No. 14-1847 dated 30th July 2005, concerning the move of appurtenance of the National Committee of Childhood and the Directorate of Childhood, and Girls Activities from the General Organization of Youth and Sports, to the Ministry of Social Development; and in support of the Agreement of Child Rights and implementing what it contained, Dr. Fatima Bint Mohamed Al Bulooshi, the Minister of Social Development and her peer Miss Joaane Kingi, the United Nations Organization for Childhood representative in the Gulf Arab countries signed the Cooperation Programme between the Government of the Kingdom of Bahrain and the United Nations Organization for Childhood (UNICEF) on 21st November 2006, during Miss Kingi visit to the Kingdom of Bahrain.

In pursuance to reach more effective social policy in the Kingdom of Bahrain, and to ensure the financing of different  projects and programmes that aspire by the Kingdom, and being aware of the importance to exchange expertise and information through courses and visits between the contractual parties; and in order to benefit form the experiences and skills of experts and specialists in the related fields, it has become essential to allocate a budget to finance the planning and implementing procedures of different projects and programmes, and preparing and organizing training courses, workshops, and field visits, in addition to delegating experts and specialists to benefit from the experiences, skills and related information of mutual interests between the contractual parties. Since the International Bank is considered an important source for providing financial and technical assistances to the developing countries and countries with average income in different parts of the world, as the Bank gives loans with low prices credits without interests, and grants to participate in the development and improvement of different sectors in the developing countries, and the improvement of living levels in the world; therefore the Ministry of Social Development in the Kingdom of Bahrain signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the International Bank concerning the Bank compensation of all expenses provided to finance its different projects and programmes that aim at promoting the individual and improving his living standard. Also, an agreement was ratified between both parties for assessing the social protection network with the aim to develop and enhance its outcomes.

Based on the Keenness of the Kingdom of Bahrain to contend poverty and alleviate its burden, to upgrade the level of living for all individuals, and to support families especially those with, limited income, and because of our belief that the confrontation of poverty is considered a collective societal responsibility, the efforts of Governmental, national, and private establishments in the Kingdom were combined to eliminate the poverty phenomena, including the national plan for the development and support of productive families. This plan is centered on a social humanitarian project that aims to transform needy families to productive ones through utilizing their talents, and to work on their development to achieve more effective productions that ensure better opportunities for these families to increase their sources of income. In order to further develop and support the Bahraini productive families, the Ministry of Social Development signed a memorandum of cooperation with the Arab Businesswomen Council because it is one of the organizations that has distinguished efforts in the field of supporting and developing productive families. The memorandum was signed on 4^th April 2006 in order to serve Bahraini Productive Families of all what they require of support and enhancement for their advancement, and also the mutual work between the two contractual parties to exhibit and market the products of these families internally, and externally in suitable exhibitions, and markets. It is of note to state that the Kingdom of Bahrain has take the first steps in this regard, and work is being done to open the Capital Center for Productive Families for marketing their products, in addition to encouraging this category by designating the prize of H. H. Sheikha Sabeeqa Bint Ebrahim Al Khalifa for the productive families, beginning with the year 2007.

Stemmining from the concept of real partnership which is represented by developmental cooperation that supports democracy, peace, economical and social development, in addition to the protection of the environment and its natural resources; and due to the closeness and connection of the world countries with each other as a result of globalization, and the economical, intellectual, cultural and political extroversion; the Federal Republic of Germany considered the formulation of Germany developmental cooperative policy that contributes in creating new life horizons that are characterized by affluence for all nations. This comes from Germany belief of the reflection and impact of the event, living levels, economy, policy pattern and the problems of any country on the other countries of the world. Based on this, special establishment, institutions, and societies were formed to implement and activate the principle of Germany developmental cooperative policy, and among these is the Germany Society for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) to concern itself with the stability of the neighboring countries, and the countries that are related to it politically, socially, economically, and culturally on all levels; through the provision of financial and moral assistances to finance the programme and projects of those countries, and furnishing them with consultancy aids through the provision of experts and specialists, in addition to providing technological and technical services through the required training courses and programmes. In consistency of the requirements of the Ministry of Social Development in the Kingdom of Bahrain, and the services provided by the Germany Society for Technical Cooperation, the Cooperation Agreement between the two parties was signed on 12^th December, 2006.

The Kingdom of Bahrain is not contented with supporting and backing the needy families through granting the monthly social assistance, nor through providing the required facilities and training courses to enable these needy families to improve their living level through the social project that aims to transform the needy families into productive families who are capable to interact, and prove their existence in the labour market; in addition to improve the efficiency and quality of their products which in turn demonstrate the creativity and talents of this category from one side, and maintain the original Bahraini heritage from the other side; but made the duty of listing individuals and families – particularly those with limited income – within the minimal loans project (Microstart) on top of the Ministry’s priorities and its keenness to eliminate the poverty phenomena. On 6^th February, 2007, the Ministry of Social Development represented by H.H.  The Minister, Dr. Fatima Bint Mohammed Al Bulooshi signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the founder of Grameen Bank (The Bank of Poor’s) – Professor Mohammed Younis during his visit to the Kingdom of Bahrain during the period 3-6 February, 2007.

In belief of the importance of computer learning as it is the most important skill in the labour market, and having the interest to increase the awareness of non-Governmental establishments and civil society sector in digital knowledge and the way to use it, and in order to prepare the Bahraini cadres to work in this field in order to keep pace with the advancement that is witnessed by the present era, the Ministry of Social Development and the Microsoft company signed a Memorandum of Understanding on 14^th February, 2007, pertaining to the project scope enabling non – Governmental establishments to lead the digital contents in the country, and to provide an opportunity for citizens to develop their skills in informatics systems.

Based on the ratification of the Cabinet for signing Memorandum of Cooperation between the Supreme Council for Women and Ministries, establishments, and general and official bodies in the Kingdom of Bahrain to enhance cooperation and to activate future programmes and plans that lead to the progress and advancement of the Bahraini woman; and based on the directions of H.H. Sheikha Sabeeqa Bint Ebrahim Al Khalifa, the wife of His Majesty, the King, Sheikh Hamad Bin Isa Al Khalifa, and the president of the Supreme Council For Women to start activating the Council’s specializations in collaboration with the official bodies in the Kingdom, the necessary work to achieve this was initiated. Stemming from the interests of the Ministry of Social Development and its assiduous pursuit in the field of society development which is reflected in reckoning on new strategies and policies, and adopting constructive projects and programmes such as that related – whether directly or indirectly – to woman affairs; and in view of the conformity of the council and the Ministry objectives that aim to promote the social and economical status of the woman, and to enable her to integrate in the labour market through enrolling her in training workshops, and courses; in addition to awareness seminars that reveal her abilities and potentials, and enable her to utilize them, and guiding her to work in social, family and developmental fields to enhance her participation, and to support her initiatives and efforts that contribute in the construction and advancement of the society, an agreement was signed on 5^th October, 2005 between the Supreme Council for Women represented by Ms. Lulwa Slaeh Al Awadhi, the Secretary General of  the Council, and the Ministry of Social Development represented by Dr. Fatima Bint Mohammed Al Bulooshi, the Minister of Social Development.

In an effort to eliminate the unemployment phenomena and the desire to improve the living level of needy families, and to enhance enabling the woman and supporting the Arab Agreement No. (17) for 1993 pertaining to the rehabilitation and employment of handicapped, and because of the keenness to support and backup the NGO's, and to develop the abilities and efficiency of their workers, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the Ministry of Labour and the Ministry of Social Affairs on 11^th September, 2006 to activate the cooperation between the Ministries, and to organize the work between them through dividing the duties according to the specialization of each Ministry, and their coordination to implement certain initiatives and joint programmes in the field of rehabilitating and training of needy families and handicapped with a view to secure maximum benefit to occupy vacant jobs that are available for those registered in the National Project for Employment. This is in addition to cooperation in the field of developing the capabilities of NGO's workers to ensure supporting and improving these organizations within the social partnership project, and also welcoming the unemployed who have the desire in joining the productive families project. In order to ensure implementation of the items of the Memorandum of Understanding between the Ministry of Labour and the Ministry of Social Development, and to study the proposals and suggestion that are submitted by any of the two Ministries, a joint committee was formed between the two parties and its role is to establish detailed joint projects and follow-up their implementation, in addition to preparing periodical reports about what have been achieved in this respect.

The belief in the value of the word has a significant importance because its eminent role is considered one of the tools of speaking and communicating with others, and a weapon for de